China and Tianjin LED street light technology status and development trend research report

In recent years, China has attached great importance to environmental protection issues. On September 22, Chinese President Hu Jintao first systematically expounded China’s official position on tackling global climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other climate change impacts at the UN climate summit. It is to vigorously develop a green economy. Actively develop a low-carbon economy and a circular economy.

1. Progress of “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Cities”

By the end of 2007, the total number of street lamps in urban road lighting in China had reached 13.95 million baht, and the annual average rate was 10% to 20%. Therefore, the power-saving market for urban road lighting cannot be ignored.

At the 2009 State Council executive meeting, semiconductor lighting was included in the move to expand domestic demand. On April 28, 2009, the Ministry of Science and Technology approved 21 cities as pilot projects for “Ten Cities and Ten Thousands” semiconductor lighting application engineering. Through the “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Miles” demonstration project, the application of LED lighting technology will be promoted to achieve the goal of economic growth.

China's "Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Miles" goal:

Pilot Phase (2009) Target: By 2009, in 1 pilot cities, 1 million LED municipal lighting fixtures will be applied. Including road lighting, tunnel lighting, subway car platform, underground parking, gas stations and other public places. The localization ratio of LED devices is 60%. It is expected to save 220 million kWh annually.

The main work during the pilot phase also included the development of model standards, evaluation and acceptance, and the strengthening of product standards and testing platforms.

Demonstration stage (2010-2012) Target: By 2010, 50 semiconductor lighting demonstration cities will be completed in China, and 2 million LED municipal lighting fixtures will be applied. The proportion of localization is 70%, and the annual energy saving is expected to reach 1 billion degrees.

Work content: Regularly release product guides and excellent companies. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Science and Technology will study and formulate financial subsidy standards and provide financial subsidies to the demonstration cities.

Promotion stage (2013-2015) Target: By 2015, semiconductor lighting will enter the 30% general lighting market. It is expected to save 140 billion kWh annually. Create more than 1 million jobs and become the third largest semiconductor lighting industry.

Work content: Through the pilot stage, a mature marketing model will be formed to achieve semiconductor lighting for 30% of general lighting in the country.

Driven by the “National Semiconductor Lighting Project”, China's LED industry has formed four major gathering places and seven industrial bases. Formed a relatively complete industrial chain including the production of LED epitaxial wafers, the preparation of LED chips, the packaging of LED chips and the application of LED products.

Industrial development case:

1. The number of LED-related enterprises in Shenzhen has grown rapidly from more than 700 in 2007 to more than 2,000 in 2009.
2, the world's lighting industry giants - General Electric, Philips, Osram have cooperated with semiconductor companies to set up lighting companies.
3, Japan Nichia Chemical, Toyota and Cheng, SONY, Jiayou Electric have all have LED lighting products available.
4. Taiwan's current LED production is second only to Japan, ranking second before the United States.

Applications:

1. Since 2009, Guangdong Province has started to implement the “Ten Thousand Miles” LED Street Light Industrialization Demonstration and Promotion Project on a large scale, and to build a demonstration project for LED street lights with a total mileage of 1,500 kilometers and a scale of about 100,000 square meters.
2. Yangzhou plans to invest 330 million yuan in two years to apply 50,000 LED lamps to upgrade urban road lighting.
3. Xiamen plans to promote 30,000 LED road lighting fixtures for two years.
4. Chengdu plans to implement a 15,000-inch LED streetlight promotion project.
5. In Weifang City, Shandong Province, the LED lighting demonstration project was implemented in 2006, and the installation of LED street lights has exceeded 30,000 baht. In the future, LED lights will be installed on new roads and public places. By 2011, 100,000 LED street lights will be installed.
6, Shijiazhuang will promote the use of 8000 盏 LED street lights. LED lighting projects in other cities have been launched.
7. Los Angeles plans to set up 140,000 LED street lights within 5 years; New York and Utah have already started bidding for LED street lights; Taiwan has announced that it will replace 1.28 million LED street lights within three years.

2. Tianjin LED street light technology and application

2.1 Overview

In April 2009, Tianjin selected the Yanjiang Road and Baiyunshan Road in Hexi District for LED streetlight testing. Vendors to participate in the measured assessment of a total of 39, each submitted 10 lamp products. Of these, 312 were installed on the road, 39 were placed in the quality inspection center for physical indicators, and 39 were installed in the factory area to simulate actual road conditions and to conduct regular outdoor environmental tests.

2.2 Test data The evaluation of LED street lights has been carried out for 5 months. The basic data is as follows:

Conclusion: After field testing, we feel that with the advancement and development of LED technology, the application technology of LED street lamps is also progressing and developing. Most LED street lamp products meet or exceed national road lighting standards. The effect is obvious, the situation is gratifying and the outlook is optimistic. But some problems are also very prominent. Mainly there are some defects in production and manufacturing processes.

2.3 LED street light failure phenomenon list

2.3.1 The whole lamp is extinguished and the lamp is completely ineffective. In the 4 months of testing, 5 LED luminaires from 4 manufacturers were completely ineffective and the whole lamp was extinguished. There are 2 cases of failure in the same manufacturer.

2.3.2 Partial damage, individual LED lamp beads "dead lights". During the test, some of the lamps appeared one segment and one LED lamp "dead light". There are 11 such problems, accounting for 3.53% of the total number of LED lamps, involving 6 manufacturers, accounting for 15.4%. In extreme cases, there were even 8 LED street lights installed, and some of them were seriously damaged, with a damage rate of 37.5%. The cause of the damage is basically the same.

2.3.3 The whole lamp is shining. In the test, it was also found that the LED street light produced by a company did not light up when it was working, and it became a true LED "flash".

2.3.4 LEDs flash individually. In the test, the LED street lamps produced by another company experienced the phenomenon of “shining” and “dummy” of individual lamp beads.

2.3.5 Transportation vibration causes the whole lamp to fail. The vibration of individual manufacturers' lamps during long-distance transportation has caused the overall failure of the lamps. After some of the lamps are opened at the scene, they will not light up.

2.4 main reasons analysis

2.4.1 Power failure is an important cause of short-term failure of lamps. In the "cask effect" analysis of the reliability of LED street lamps, the reliability of the power supply circuit accounts for the most important level. After on-site testing and inspection, products with problems such as lamp failure, partial failure, and flickering occur, and the cause of power failure accounts for a high proportion.

2.4.2 Structure and circuit design is too complex, increasing the probability of failure. Among the lamps tested, some LED street lamps have done a lot of meticulous work in circuit control and drive control, and the level of intelligent lighting has been greatly improved. At the same time, due to the complexity of the circuit and structure, not only the reliability of the power supply is reduced, but also the reliability of the whole lamp is greatly reduced.

2.4.3 The structural design level needs to be improved, and the probability of failure caused by poor heat dissipation increases. After entering June, the failure rate of LED street lights in July and August increased significantly. As the ambient temperature decreases, the failure rate will decrease in September. It fully shows that some manufacturers have major deficiencies in solving the heat dissipation problem.

2.4.4 The quality of the process is not high and the product has many hidden dangers. In the LED street lamps that have failed, the problems of different levels of production technology are not exposed. For example, the level of LED light source welding is not high, the welding line and the welding column are not entangled, the welding line (sheet) has no protective sleeve, the lamp is not tightly sealed, the heat dissipation measures are not strong, and the components and components are not fixed firmly, and so on.

Welding requirements: The solder joints are bright and smooth; the solder layer is even and thin, and the ratio of the solder size is appropriate, the contour of the joint is faintly visible; the solder is sufficient, and the skirt is scattered; there are no cracks, pinholes, and no flux residue.

2.4.5 Poor quality of components and poor stability. In order to reduce costs, some of the participating manufacturers have poor quality of key components used in production, resulting in a significant reduction in product reliability.

In the test and evaluation of LED street lights, we feel that the current problems are development problems and purely technical problems. Through the improvement of technology, it can be completely overcome and completely solved.

2.5 Tianjin “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Miles” Implementation Plan

Initiation of the construction phase (2009-2010) This project completed the project investment of 500 million yuan, using various types of power LED lighting products 200,000 baht. Completely build a platform for semiconductor lighting engineering technology research and development public platform and industry alliance. Focus on the construction of LED lighting for roads and public facilities represented by several industrial parks in Binhai High-tech Zone, and the demonstration and promotion of public lighting.

In the comprehensive promotion stage (2010-2011) , the lighting products of Tianjin urban roads, subways, industrial areas and large public buildings will be fully promoted, and the application of Tianjin semiconductor lighting will reach the international advanced level. By the end of 2011, the LED main lighting will be completed in the non-main roads and some main roads in Tianjin City and Binhai New Area, and all new non-main roads will adopt LED lighting. Large-scale use of LED public lighting in Tianjin Zhongxin Ecological City, Industrial Park, many universities, party and government organs, and new rural construction.

3. Relevant support and encouragement policies

3.1 The central government vigorously promoted LED street lights. Since LED lighting does not have corresponding international and national standards, only corporate standards. However, the “Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Miles” project promoted by the state encourages local governments to vigorously promote the use of LED lights in road lighting projects and play a good demonstration role.

3.2 The corresponding financial subsidy policy was introduced. The Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission promulgated the Interim Measures for the Administration of Financial Subsidy Funds for the Promotion of Efficient Lighting Products. For large users, 30% of the supply price of the bid-winning agreement will be subsidized; for urban and rural residents, the supply price will be based on the bid-winning agreement. 50% subsidy; local governments also give about 10% subsidies to corporate groups that actively use LED lights.

3.3 Local governments strongly support LED projects. Under the theme of “green lighting”, local governments have set up industrial development funds and technology funds for LED enterprises with advanced technology and good management, and have given preferential policies such as government subsidies, fiscal interest subsidies, and land use. “Ten Cities and Ten Thousands” semiconductor lighting application demonstration project, most cities have signed cooperation agreements with relevant enterprises or placed orders to encourage and support the scale development of enterprises.

3.4 Guide enterprises to use various channels to finance. In terms of LED corporate financing, China has provided short-term financing bonds, medium-term notes and other direct financing tools, which has reduced bank risks and financing costs and expanded the visibility of enterprises in the capital market.

3.5 Create a good legal environment for the company. Shenzhen Municipality promulgated the "LED Industry Development Plan (2009-2015)", "Implementation Plan for Promoting High-efficiency Energy-saving LED Lighting Product Demonstration Project", "LED Industry Public Technology Service Platform Construction Plan", and "Promoting the Development of Semiconductor Lighting Industry" The policy documents such as “Measures”, “Research on Planning and Related Implementation of Bright LED Industry Cluster Park” and “Preparation Work Plan for LED International Trading Purchasing Center” will help the LED industry to play its advantages and make up for the weak.

3.6 Drafted industry-wide testing standards. At present, a large number of LED lighting standards have been drafted and solicited opinions, and have been submitted for approval.

Sub-committee of the Semiconductor Lighting Technology Standards Working Group of the Ministry of Industry and Information Industry

4. Investment management mode

4.1 Contract Energy Management Model - EMC

Contract Energy Management (EMC), contract energy management is a financial management method that promotes energy costs. Also known as ESCO.
The basic model is: “LED lighting engineering project” as an investment target, energy-saving service company and energy-saving service contract with customers, providing customers with energy audit, energy-saving project design, project financing, equipment procurement, engineering construction and later The whole process of maintenance and management projects. During the contract period, the income of the energy service company is directly linked to the energy saving, and the project's revenue mainly comes from energy saving benefits.

4.2 Franchise financing model - BOT

Through the concession agreement, the government grants the concession of the LED lighting project to the contractor with the qualification of the national lighting project. The contractor is responsible for project design, financing, construction, operation and maintenance during the concession period, and uses the electricity cost saved by the LED lighting project. And repair costs to recover costs, repay debt and earn profits. After the end of the concession period, the ownership of the project will be transferred to the government department of the signatory without compensation.

4.3 Financing lease contract model - IGF

The government has reached a lease agreement through the financing party and the leasing party to implement LED lighting engineering renovation for the lighting facilities. The leaser rents the road lighting facilities, the financing party raises the funds for reconstruction, and is responsible for project design, financing, construction, operation and maintenance during the lease term. And use the electricity and maintenance costs saved by the LED lighting project to carry out cost recovery, repay debts, earn profits and pay rent. Upon expiration of the lease, the ownership of the project will be transferred to the government department without compensation.

5, LED street lamp tender case and technical parameters

5.1 Technical requirements for tendering LED street lights in a certain city in China

(1): Select a single high power source combination of 1w or more.
(2): The light source is selected from the chip of Cree Company of the United States, and has the Cree manufacturer authorization certificate.
(3): Road illumination: ≥30Lx.
(4): Uniformity of illuminated area: ≥0.6.
(5): LED light source 50000H light decay: ≤ 30%.
(6): Luminous efficiency of LED driven by 350mA: ≥80Lm/W, single LED luminous flux: ≥90Lm/W.
(7): The power supply and lamp body of the LED street lamp adopt a split structure design.
(8): Multiple LEDs in the luminaire should be operated in series or in series. Each group of series circuits should be equipped with an independent driving power supply.
(9): LED street light fixture light output efficiency: ≥90%.
(10): Protection level ≥ IP65, to ensure that the lamps are dustproof, waterproof and self-cleaning.
(11): The service life is ≥10 years, which can be directly installed on the original street lamp.
(12): Regulated constant current driver using AC wide voltage input.
(13): The luminaire is designed with a good heat dissipation and "breathing" system.
(14): Correlated color temperature: 4000---5500K.
(15): Color rendering coefficient: Ra ≥ 75.
(16): Junction temperature: ≤ 75 ^o C.

5.2 California LED Street Light Tendering Requirements

LED lamp efficiency: ≥ 50 lm / W.
LED lamp power: 50W
The light output needs to be: ≥2500 lm.
LED lamp color rendering index: Ra ≥ 75.
The maximum correlated color temperature of LED lamps: 6500K.
LED lamps achieve a minimum L70 life: 50,000H.
LED light intensity limit: 80 ^o -- 90 ^o .
LED lamps are the heaviest: ≤ 30 pounds effective windward wind load: ≤ 2.25 square feet.

5.3 U.S. Utah LED Street Light Tendering Requirements

• Cobra (cobra) cap with grey outer casing.
• The light distribution is #type and type 4, with full cut-off.
• Installation height: 25 feet.
• Power supply requirements: 12VDC, 35W ~ 45W energy consumption.
• Luminous flux: ≥60 lm/W.
• Color rendering index: Ra ≥ 60.
• Correlated color temperature: 4000K～5500K.
• Rated life: ≥70,000H.
• LED module ambient operating ^{temperature: - 25 o C ~ 45 o} C.

• Standard plug for NEC.
• The radiator parts do not use fans, pumps and liquids.

6, a few revelations

Revelation 1: The strong support of the government is the source of the development of LED lighting technology.

Revelation 2: Focus on the research of application technologies such as drive system, optical system, heat conduction and heat conduction system, protection level, processing technology and aesthetic design, and strive to improve the stability and reliability of LED lamps themselves.

Revelation 3: The application of LED streetlights should introduce a “practice” perspective.

(1) Organize the “model design” of the evaluation. The organization form, evaluation scale, evaluation cycle, evaluation method, evaluation index and evaluation result of the assessment should be scientific, rigorous and feasible, and have a “post-assessment plan”.
(2) Grasp the cycle of evaluation. Practice has proved that the period of assessment should not be less than one year. In summer, the main consideration is the heat dissipation performance of LED street lamps; in winter, the main consideration is the driving power of street lamps. Both are indispensable.
(3) The number of street lamps should not be too small. Focus on solving the "light interference" between the evaluation vendors, resulting in inaccurate test data.

Revelation 4: Strengthen research and development of core technologies. At present, the 10W "integrated lighting chip" produced by a research institute in Beijing has achieved a luminous efficiency of 113Lm/W, a chip temperature of about 500C, and the use of inexpensive ordinary chips. The price level of integrated chips is extremely low. I believe that at the end of this year, the light efficiency of 10W "integrated lighting chip" will be able to reach more than 130Lm / W. By then, the comprehensive advancement of LED street lights will become a reality and possible!

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